英语的词性：
名词(nouns) n.
代词(pronoun) pron.
实词 数词(numeral) num.
形容词(adjective) adj. 或a.
副词(adverb) adv.
动词(verb) v
冠词(article) art
虚词 介词(preposition) prep.
连词(conjunction) conj.
助词(auxiliary) aux.
英语的句子成分有八种：
主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、
状语、同位语, 主语补足语和宾语补足语
一） 主语：是一个句子所叙述的主题， Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe.
Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.
二）谓语由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动
词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。说明主语所做的动作或状态.动词有着各种时态的变化
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。
• She covered her face with her hands.
• We haven't seen her for a long time.
• Do you mind opening the window?
• Give me four please.
• He wants to dream a nice dream.
• We need know what others are doing.
• We should care more about our friends.
（四）表语它的位置在_______________之后。是用来说明主语的_______,______, _______的.
• My father is a professor.
• Who's that? It's me.
• Everything here is expensive.
• The match became very exciting.
• The story of my life may be of help to others.
• Three times five is fifteen.
• His plan is to seek work in the city.
• My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
• 常见的系动词有:
• be(am,is,are,were,was),
• look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,
• keep,stay,become,get,grow,come,go,
• ….
The cake tastes nice.
The water feels cold.
These stories sound interesting.
（五） 定语 是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。
• They are woman workers.
• Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
• Mary is a beautiful girl..
• The play has three acts.
• This is her first trip to Europe.
• China is a developing country.
• I have nothing to eat.
• Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
(六）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等
• The best fish swim near the bottom.
• I left the village five years ago.
• I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
• We'll send a car to fetch you.
• The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones
• The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
• If he goes, so will I .
• Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
• They elected me captain of the team. • We try to make our country strong. • We found everything in good order there. • I should advise you to get the chance.
• I saw him going upstairs. • They found the house broken in.
(八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
８同位语：
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分（1）用来说明和解释另一个句子成分（２），这个句子成分（１）就叫做另一個句子成分（2）的同位语。
We students should study hard.
(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students.
(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
一) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill.
一个完整的句子做宾语， 那么这个句子叫宾语从句
(二) 挑出下列句中的表语
-- The old man was feeling very tired.
-- The leaves have turned yellow.
-- Soon They all became interested in the subject.
-- My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.
-- The old man was feeling very tired.
-- The leaves have turned yellow.
-- Soon They all became interested in the subject.
-- My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.
(三) 挑出下列句中的定语
1. What is your last name?
2. I am afraid some people forgot to clean the floor.
3. The man in the gym was trying to sleep.
4.Gym is a place where you can exercise and have fun.
一个完整的句子做表语， 那么这个句子叫表语从句。
(五) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
④ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
一个完整的句子做状语， 那么这个句子叫状语从句。
