语法专题：状语从句(含练习和答案)

一、 状语从句的定义

状语从句 （Adverbial Clause）是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。 状语从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

状语从句根据其作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等 从句。 状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗 号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

二、 状语从句常用引导词

1. 时间状语从句 as /while /whe n /un til /once /since / before; whe never, he first/last time, every/each time等。 2. 地点状语从句 3. 原因状语从

句

where/wherever 等。 because/as/si nce/fo 等。 if/unl ess/as long as 等。

so that/i n order that/i n case等。 so...that/such...that/so tha等。 as/as if(though)等。

than/as …as/the more …the 等ore

让步状语从句 although/no matter+.../eve n if/ whatever/ as尽 管）等。

4. 条件状语从句 5. 目的状语从句 6. 结果状语从句 7. 方式状语从

句

9.

三、状语从句分析

1. 时间状语从句

(1) 时间状语从句常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard ( rain hard 下大雨) when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the teleph one rang. As he walked along (沿着走)the lake, he sang happily.

(2) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I ' ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. He won ' t believe it until he sees it with hisown eyes. (3) 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里， 谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是 语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：

The young man read till the light went out (熄灭) Let ' s wait until the rain stops. We won' t start until Bob comes.

Don' get off (从下来) until the bus stops. 2. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由 where来引导。例如: Go where you like.

如果主句用肯定式，其含义是 一直到……时”

直到……才……”,在••…以前不……”,谓

Where there is a will, there is a way. 3. 原因状语从句

(1) 原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as引导。例如： He didn ' t come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not (不得； 不应该) go the zoo.

Since you can ' t an swer the questi on, I

' ll ask some one else.

(2) because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。 回答由why提出的问

题，只能用because As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由 as和since引导的原因状语从

居多放在句首。例如：

----- Why aren ' t going there-?--- Because I don 'artt wo.

As he has no car, he can

' t get there easily.

Since we have no money, we can

' t buy it.

⑶because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 Because后接句子，because of后接名词、代词或动名词短语。

4. 条件状语从句

(1) 条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don' t leave the building unl ess I tell you to.

(2) 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I ' ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won ' t be late unless he is ill.

⑶祈使句+ and (or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如： Hurry up, or you ' ll be late. =If you don

' t hurry up, you ' ll be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 5. 目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that (为了，以便)引导。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first train. We used the computer in order that we might save time.

⑵so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：

1)目的状语从

句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。 例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you.(目的状语从句 ) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)

6. 结果状语从句

(1) 结果状语从句由 so…that, such …that, so引导。例如： He is so poor that he can

' t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn ' t see it.

(2) so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是：“so +形容词(副词)+ that +从句”例如:

。He was so glad that he couldn ' t say a word.

see her.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever (几乎不，从来不) 在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可

以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词 例如：

It was such a hot day that n obody wan ted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceili ng.(天花板) He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：

It was such a won derful film that all of us wan ted to see it aga in. =The film was so won derful that all of us wan ted to see it aga in. It is such an importa nt match that n obody wants to miss it. =The match is so importa nt that n obody wants to miss it.

a或an。

⑶如果名词前由 many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用 so,不用such。例如：

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can go to the cinema (去看电影) with you. 7. 方式状语从句

(1) 方式状语从句通常由 as, (just) as…so…,as if, as though, by,with引导,多用来谈论某人的行为或者做某事 的方式。

(2) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在

(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时

as从

句带有比喻的含义，意思是 ”正如…\"，\"就像\"，多用于正式文体，例如： As water is to fish, so air is to man. You must try to hold the tool as I do.

(3) as if和as though引导的从句中的时态取决于说话者对所谈内容的态度。若说话者认为其看法是真的或 可能会成为事实，从句谓语就按常规变化。例如： He looks as if he is an gry.

如果从句的内容是不真实的，是与事实相反的，从句的谓语时态要用 态，对从句的谓语形式没有影响。这两个连词经常用在

虚拟语气。主句谓语用一般现在时

be，act，appear，behave，fell，look，seem, smell，

sou nd，taste及其他描写行为举止的动词之后，引导一个方式从句。例如：

He looks as if (as though) he had bee n hit by light ning.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。 虚拟语气。)

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。 述语气。)

as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语、形容词或介词短语，例如： see ing me for the first time. 8. 比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由 as…as,比较级+ than ••等连词引导。例如：

He stared at me as if

(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈

(与事实相反，谓语用

Tom runs faster tha n Joh n does. This classroom is as big as that one. 9. 让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由 although, though, even if/though, as等连词引导。例如： Although I am tired, I must go on working.

Boy as he is, he knows so much about the world. (2)although(though) 和 but 不能用在同一个句子中。例如： 我们不能说： Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说： Though it was raining hard, he still went out. 或 It was raining hard, but he still went out.

【 practice 】

一、单项选择。

1. _____ he ' s old, he can still carry this heavy bag. A. Though B. Since C. For D. So

2. ---Do you know if he ______ to play basket ball with us? ---I think he will come if he _____ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 3. It is ___ hot in the room ___ we have to go out for a walk. A. such; that B. so; that C. as; as D. such; as

4. I don ' t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who 5. We will stay at home if my aunt _______ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming

6. The police asked the children _____ cross the street _______ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don ' t; when C. not to; until D. not; after

7. I was late for class yesterday ______ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because 8. I ' ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was 9. In the exam, the ______ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less 10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while

11. He has___ an interesting book that we want to read it. A. so B. such C. the same D. as 12. When you read the book, you ' d better make a mark ______ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though

13. The teacher raised his voice _____ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order 14. He took off his coat _____ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since

15. It is ______ that we ' d like to go out for a walk. A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day 16. Mary had ____ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very

17. _____ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 18. ____ the day went on, the weather got worse.

A. With B. Since C. While D. As

19. ____ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment 20. Write to me as soon as you ______ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got

21. The meeting didn't start _______ everyone was there. A. because B. until C. why D. if 22. He ___ back until the work ___ done. A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is 23. They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if 24. Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to 25. I'm sure he'll come to see me before he ___ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves 26. I will tell him the news as soon as he___ back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came

27. ___________________________ We ___ TV when the telephone . A. watched; was ringing B. were watching; rang C. watch; rings D. are watching; rang

28. Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ___ she was ill. A. because B. but C. until D. if

29. May I sit nearer___I can see more clearly? A. as if B. so that C. even if D. so

30. ___ you work hard, you will certainly succeed. A. Though B. If C. Because D. For

二、划出下列句子中的状语从句，并判断是哪一种状语从句。

1. When I was in junior middle school, I was bad in math. 2. Where there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 3. They worked hard in order that they might succeed. 4. If I study hard, I will surely succeed.

5. I like this film because the actors are very good. 6. Please do exactly as your doctor says.

7. I didn't plan the work well, so that I didn't finish it in time. 8. You must first learn to walk before you try to run.

9. As long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome difficulties. 10. A lthough he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. 11. He bought fewer books than I (did).

三、根据中文意思，用合适的英文单词补全句子。

1. _______ I came in to the _____________ , he was ____________ a _________ .当

我进屋时，他正在写信。

2. Be a pupil __________ you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。

3. She didn' stop __________ ________ eleven o'clock. 她到 11 点钟才停止工作。 4. _______ there is __________ there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。

5.1 ______ back late yesterday ____________ I was on duty. 昨天我回来晚了，因

为我值班。

6. We'll ________ you the truth ____________ __________ you can judge by yourself.我们把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。

7. He was so __________ ________ he couldn' say a word.他十分激动，以致一

句话都说不出来。

8. It is such ___________ __________ novel _________ all of us want to read it.

这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。

9. Difficulties are nothing __________ we are not afraid of ______________ .女口果我们不

怕困难，困难就算不了什么。

10. We shall go there tomorrow _____________ it _________ .除非下雨，我们明天就去那

里。

11. She looks _________ _______ she is ill. 看上去她好像是生病了。

12. I'll go __________ ________ it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也要去。 13. His book is __________ ________ _________ mine.他的书和我的一样。 14. The ________ you ________ , _________ better you understand.你看的书越多，

你懂得的就越多。

15. Child ________ he is, he knows a lot.虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。

答案：

一. 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A

6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A

11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B 21-25BDACD 26-30BBABB

1. 当我读初中的时候，我数学很糟糕。时间。

2. 哪里阳光充足、雨水颇多，哪里的田野就一片绿色。地点 3. 他们努力工作，以便能够获得成功。目的。 4. 如果努力学习，我肯定会成功。条件。

5. 我喜欢这个电影因为那些演员都很棒。原因。 6. 务请按照医生的吩咐行事。方式。

7. 我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。结果。 8. 在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。时间。

9. 只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。条件。 10. 虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语。让步。 11. 他买的书比我买的少。比较。 三、 1.When room writing letter 2. before

3. working until 4. Where water 5. came because 6. tell so that 7. excited that

8. an interesting that 9. if them

10. unless rains 11. as if

12. even if (though) 13. the same as 14. more read the 15. as