英语听说疑问句知识讲解-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-
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(页英语疑问句知识讲解
疑问句是用于提出问题，询问情况的句子，可分为：一般疑问句、特殊疑向句、选择疑
问句和反意疑问句。 （一）一般疑问句
1．一般疑问句可以分为以下两种： (1)由肯定的陈述句转化的一般疑问句。
例：Do you go to school every day你每天都上学吗
(2)否定的一般疑问句。
例：Can't he understand my question他（难道）不懂我的问题吗
Can he not understand my question他（难道）不懂我的问题吗？
2．一般疑问句的常见句型有以下四种： (1)Be+主语+...
例：Are those books on the desk那些书在桌子上吗
用法说明：在含有连系动词be的将来时（shall/will+be）或完成时态
(have/has+been)的句子改为一般疑问句时，只需将shall/will或have/has提到句首。如：Will they be at home tonight他们今晚在家吗
(2) Do/Does/Did+主语+谓语+…
例：Do you like English你喜欢英语吗
用法说明：助动词do要随人称和时态而变化。在一般现在时中，除第三人称单数用
does外，其他人称用do。而在一般过去时中，任何人称都用did。同时，还应注意把原陈
述句的行为动词改为动词原形。
(3)情态动词+主语+谓语+...
例：Must I finish my homework now我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗
用法说明：有的情态动词（如need，dare）既可作情态动词，也可作行为动词，因此它
们的一般疑问句有两种形式。如：
Need you go so soon?你非得这么快就走吗（情态动词）
Do you need to go so soon?你非得这么快就走吗（行为动词） (4) Have/Has+主语+过去分词+...
例：Has he finished his homework他的家庭作业完成了吗
用法说明：本句型是现在完成时的一般疑问句句型。have/has在此作助动词，没有实际意义。另外，在美式英语中，无论have表示“有”或用作行为动
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词，其一般疑问句都要借助于助动词do的适当形式。而在英式英语中，只有当have作行为动词时，其一般疑问句才要用助动词do的适当形式。
例：Has she got a computer?她有一台电脑吗（英式英语）
Does she have a computer?她有一台电脑吗（美式英语） 3．回答否定形式的一般疑问句要注意以下两点：
(1)在回答的时候，要把它当成没有加以否定形式的普通一般疑问句一样看待，应根据事实来回答，翻译时不要受汉语的影响。
例：Is he not a teacher他不是老师吗
Yes, he is.不，他是老师。（错误的答语：No，he is．） (2)一般疑问句一般读升调。
（二）选择疑问句
选择疑问句用于提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。这类疑问句有两种形式：一种是以一般疑问句的结构形式为基础，只是在语调上有所区别。这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调，后一个用降调；如果有两个以上供选择的答案，则在最后一个用降调，其余都用低升凋。例如：
Would you like a gin, or a whisky, or a beer?
你是要喝杜松子酒，还是威士忌酒，还是啤酒？
这种语调上的特征往往是区别选择疑问句和一般疑问句的重要标志。
（三）特殊疑问句
以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what、
who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。特殊疑问句有两种语序： 1．如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的
语序：疑问词（主语）1+谓语动词+其他成分。如： who is singing in the room?
2．如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：疑问词+一般疑问句语序。 如：
what class are you in?
注意：回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes/no，应该问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。如：
A: Who is from Canada B: Helen (is).
3．特殊疑问句一般读降调。
（四）反意疑问句
反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实
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时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完
成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行
提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一
般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定 后肯定”。
1．陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren't I． 例：I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2．陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语。 例：I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3．陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 例：She didn't give an answer, did she?
4．含有ought to的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。
例：He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he' /shouldn't he
5．陈述部分有have to+v．(had to+v．)，疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。
例：We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6．陈述部分的谓语是used to时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
例：He used to take pictures there, didn't he / usedn't he 7．陈述部分有had better+v．疑问句部分用hadn't you?
例：You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8．陈述部分有would rather+v．，疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。 例：He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9．陈述部分有You'd like to+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。
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例：You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10.陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据must后动词的类属和时态而定。
例：He must be a doctor, isn't he?
She must have arrived by air, hasn't she?
11.陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： ①并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。 例： had been to Beijing several times; he should have been in China now,shouldn't he
②带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
例：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
③上述部分主句是I/we (don't) think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等+宾语从句，反意疑问句的谓语动词和主语应与宾语从句保持一致。注意主语是第一人称时的否定转移，
例：I don' t think he is bright, is he?意为：我认为他不聪明。而不是：我不认为他聪明。
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
12.陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
例：Everyone knows the answer, don't they (does he)
Nobody knows about it, do they (does he)
13.带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。
例：We need not do it again, need we?
He dare not say so, dare he?
当dare，need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语。 例：She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
14.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
例：Don't do that again, will you?
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Go with me, will you/won't you
注意：Let's开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us开头的祈使句，后用will you?
例：Let' s go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?
二 常见的疑问句式
角色扮演题目设置的三问，是让学生将中文句子口语化成英文。这里
为什么说是口
语化成英文？因为这个三问不是真正意义上的翻译，而是考察学生的口头表达能力。这
三个句子，都是很简单的中文句子。学生要将其以口语形式表达出来，只需要把平时学
到的英语疑问句式、动词短语和常用句型串联起来即可 因此对于这个部分，学生需要
长期积累英语中的常用句型。如提问Mary和Jessie的关系是什么？这个时候，你就应该想到What's the relationship between...and... 的句型。再如提问您什么时候结账离开？
When will you check out?很明显，这里的check out平时训练时需要积累。为方便同学们
学习，在这里我们将常见的疑问句式做了以下归纳和总结： 1．询问职业和人物关系
Who is the man/woman?
What is the man's/woman's job? What does the man/woman do?
Who do you think/suppose the man/woman is/most likely to be? What is the relationship between the speakers? 2．询问时间
What time is it now?
When/At what time will/did somebody do something?
When/At what time will/did something happen/take place? 3．数字计算
How much will something cost?
How long will/does it take to do something? How many books does somebody have?
How far is a certain place away from another place?
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How often does/wilL/did somebody do something? How soon will something happen/take place?
4．询问地点
Where does the conversation happen/take place?
Where do you want to go?
Could you tell me the best way to... 5．询问原因
Why does/did/will somebody do something?
Why do you think...
What reason is given for something/somebody's doing something?
6．询问事实细节 What is...
What kind of...do you have?
7．询问行为事实动作
What did the man/woman do +表示过去的时间状语？
What is the man/woman doing?
What are they doing?
What is the man/woman asking/teaching the woman/man to do?
What is the man/woman going to do
What will the speakers do +表示将来的时间状语？
What does/will the man/woman have/plan to do +表示将来的时间状语？
What does the man/woman ask the woman/man (not) to do
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What does the man/woman tell the woman/man (not) to do?
What does the man/woman order/warn the woman/man (not) to do?
Would you like to do something?
What can we do... What should I do if... Could you do...
Do you mind... 8．询问做事方式
How does/did/will the man/woman do something+相应的时间状语？
9．询问健康情况
How is/are somebody?
How does/do somebody feel now?
10.询问对某事的具体看法 How/What about... How is/was something?
How does/did the man/woman like something?
How does the man/woman feel about something?
What would you say about... What is your opinion about...
What does the man/woman think about/of something?
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